One of the most widespread techniques in quality control is the tensile test. This method consists of the clamping of a specimen of the material to be studied, the application of opposing forces on its two ends from universal tensile machines and the final obtaining of the force-deformation and stress-strain curves..
What is obtained from performing a tensile test?
From these curves, we are mainly allowed to measure the elastic deformations of the specimen, its yield or creep, its plastic deformations, and its necking, among others
If the process has been carried out properly, with the equipment and the procedure indicated by ISO 6892-1, these measurements and other complementary submissions should allow us to obtain all the data we need about the material:.
- The proportionality limit, which reflects the stress from which non-proportional deformations occur.
- The elastic limit, which shows us the force or stress from which reversible deformations occur.
- The permanent deformation limit, que es la tensión mínima que origina una deformación permanente.
- The limit of loss of proportionality, the stress point from which elongation is no longer equal to the percentage of the initial length..
- La tensile strength, which marks the maximum stress the material can withstand during the test without breaking.
- La breaking strength, which indicates the stress applied at the moment of rupture.
- The breaking elongation, which is the ratio between the increase in length of a specimen after rupture and its length prior to the test.
- La breaking reduction of area, which captures the reduction in cross-sectional area caused by rupture.
- The work of deformation, which encompasses the effort required to achieve the material's rupture and its ability to resist.
In this way, all doubts surrounding the theoretically made designs are dispelled. The acquisition of this data will allow engineers to design elements that will not fail when performing the task for which they were created..
Few laboratories have the equipment to carry out the process in an optimal way. If you want to be one of them, don't hesitate to inquire the product catalog , Servosis, where we have all kinds of testing machines ranging from 1 to 150 tons.
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